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A SITE DESIGNED AND CONSTRUCTED BY A MANCUNIAN MANCHESTER FAMILY HISTORY RESEARCH FOR METHODICAL THOROUGH AND EXHAUSTIVE RESEARCH mail@manchester-family-history-research.co.uk PUT THE KETTLE ON...AND SETTLE DOWN FOR A READ
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CONTENTS A MANCHESTER RESEARCHER'S TALE MANCHESTER AND STOCKPORT CERTIFIED INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS STRANGEWAYS PRISON: FIRST REPORTS MANCHESTER MARTYRS' PRISON RECORDS PRESS REACTION TO THE MANCHESTER EXECUTIONS PART I WHAT DID HAPPEN TO THE REMAINS OF THE PRISONERS EXECUTED AT MANCHESTER? THE MANCHESTER FELONY REGISTER Pt 1 GREATER MANCHESTER RIOTS IN 1868 MANCHESTER AND LANCASHIRE STRAYS IN MILL BANK PRISON MANCHESTER POOR LAW AND WORKHOUSE RECORDS MANCHESTER POOR LAW UNION MINUTES CHORLTON AND SOUTH MANCHESTER REGISTRATION DISTRICT VOTING REGISTERS AND ELIGIBILITY IN MANCHESTER 1831 POPULATION FIGURES FOR MANCHESTER MANCHESTER CENSUS COLLECTION DETAILS PLACES OF WORSHIP IN MANCHESTER AND SALFORD MANCHESTER CITY CENTRE CHURCHES MANCHESTER AND GENERAL INFORMATION MANCHESTER BOROUGH POLICE FORCE MANCHESTER INQUEST WITNESS STATEMENTS INDEX TRANSPORT IN MANCHESTER PART ONE MANCHESTER FAMILY HISTORY CONTACT PAGE
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MANCHESTER AND STOCKPORT CERTIFIED INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS Manchester Archives launched in late 2011 The Manchester Collection via Find My Past. The story of Joseph Marsh was used in the launch. Many other examples from this site were used in the publicity packs and blogs etc to announce this launch. Manchester Archives+ has a digital interactive which will feature the story of Joseph Marsh and many other items that appear on this site See link below.
IT'S NOT all about Census returns. There are many other sources of records. I have access to Manchester City Library, Salford Local History Library and City Archive, Stockport Central Library and Trafford Library. I can visit both Lancashire and Cheshire Records Offices. I can conduct research in any of the above libraries and all major northern repositories. I can research most national Census entries in England & Wales from 1841 through to 1911, search the General Register Office (GRO) Index for Births Marriages and Deaths, parish records for baptisms marriages and burials, trade directories, newspapers, cemetery records, electoral rolls, poor law rates, wills and probate etc. My familiarity with the films and other resources in the Microfilm Unit at Manchester Central Library means that I can often locate information easily. Also I have a very extensive knowledge of the geography and history of the townships that make up the area. The first Manchester Juvenile Refuge and School of Industry was found in 1846 in Angel Meadow, by 1851 it had moved to Byrom Street. In 1853 it changed its name to the Manchester Ragged and Industrial Schools. It did so in 1859 again 1874 when the schools, became The Manchester Industrial Schools. In September 1858 the location of the school for both boys and girls was Ardwick Green. In August 1871 an annex was opened for boys at Heaton Mersey called the Barnes Home. A new school for girls was built in July 1877 in Sale. From then until its closure in 1922 the Ardwick site was for boys only. After the closure of the Industrial school the building became the home of St Gregory's R C school for boys. In 1900 a new boys' home was opened at 59 Ardwick Green. Many boys from the Industrial School, after their release, moved into this home. If you look at the following link you can see an image of the Ardwick Industrial School: http://www.images.manchester.gov.uk/web/objects/common/webmedia.php?irn=57504 The Barnes Home Annex can be seen here. Sale Girls Industrial School can be seen here. For more details about Styal cottage homes see here From 1935 the schools were known as the Manchester Home Office Schools as a result of the 1933 Children and Young Persons Act. Barnes Home closed in 1955 and in 1973 the Sale school became a controlled Community Home under the direction of Manchester Social Services until it closed in 1980. Manchester Archives and the Local Studies hold many records for these schools including, Admission Registers (for Ardwick from 1866 to 1921) and Discharge Registers (for Ardwick 1896 to 1906) which contain some very useful information. One of the better examples is laid out below. Records for the Barnes Industrial School and the Northenden Girls Industrial School are also available. Other records held here are for the Swinton Industrial School, Styal Cottage Homes and Rose Hill (See below). Some records may be closed. St Joseph's Industrial School
The records for this school which was a
Catholic administered school are at Chester, in the old county
record office. This School opened as an Industrial School in
1871 at 8 Richmond Grove, Longsight, Manchester, and later
moved to London Road, Nantwich. There are 15 Volumes of
Admissions Registers covering the period 1871-1957. The building
was taken over by Manchester Education Committee and then became
a fire and police station. See
here
Genealogy and family history are not just about Census returns. In fact the returns supply only the bare facts. Take a look at the following, the story of young boy from London. His name was Joseph Marsh, born December 17 1890. His parents were William Robert and Annie, he was a carpenter and she a housewife. Their home address was 61, Paradise Street, Rotherhithe and their circumstances were poor. At Southwark Court on October 3 1901 Joseph was convicted under Section XI of the Elementary Education Act 1876 to a period of five years and four months detention. It was said that he associated with bad companions and was a confirmed truant. He was sent to the Manchester Certified Industrial School at Ardwick Green. He was described as being four feet five and a half inches tall, 65 lbs, fair complexion, broad nose, having very light hair with blue eyes. He had five vaccination pits on his left arm. Previously he had been given three or four years schooling and could read, write and calculate to grade III standard. His mental capacity was said to be good. All of this information came from the Register of Admissions at the Manchester Certified Industrial School. This is much more information than is available on any Census. It was normal for boys to be discharged on licence from the school sometime during their sixteenth year. Joseph was actually fifteen years and five months old when he was discharged from the school on August 26th 1906. What follows are details taken from the Discharge Registers, reports made by the Governor and various letters sent to the school over a period of eleven years. On his departure from Ardwick, his standard of education was grade VI and his occupation at the school was in the band. Not so surprisingly he had enlisted in the army as a band boy. It was quite common for boys from this school to enlist in the forces. Whether they had much choice in the matter is another question. He was in the 2nd West Yorkshire Regiment which was then based in Palace Barracks, Holywood, Belfast. The reports for 1906 stated he was with his Battalion and that he was doing very well. Eight further reports in 1907 said that he was "satisfactory". In October 1908 his progress and conduct was very good and he was promoted to the rank of Lance Corporal. In 1910 Joseph was stationed at Colchester. In 1912 again he was given good reports and was to be found on the island of Malta. After that in 1913 he was stationed in Albania and had risen to the rank of Corporal. October 1914 saw him transferred to Winchester to form part of the 8th Army Corps. In November 1914 he found time to write to the school, from the trenches at the Front stating that he was "quite well". By March 1915 he was laying injured in Alder Hey Hospital near Liverpool. He had been injured at Neuve Chapelle on 12th March 1915. He must have recovered quickly as he visited the School at Ardwick on 29th April 1915 on a "short furlough".
On
"On July 31 he won the D C M: on Aug 16 he was hit
in the leg badly, but continued fighting - has since been posted as
missing".
PRIZE GIVING What was the purpose of a Certified Industrial School; to punish; to educate or to give the pupils training for a trade? On July 25th 1883 the annual distribution of prizes to the boys of the Ardwick Green Certified Industrial School took place. Present were all the good mighty that had anything to do with the school, plus Aldermen and representatives from many churches. The Honorary Secretary of the school read the reports of Her Majesty's Inspector of Industrial Schools and that of the Inspector to the Manchester School Board. The former had already been published. The second report stated out of the seventy three boys who had been under examination, three of whom were under the age of seven. Sixty eight passed in reading, sixty two in writing and fifty one in arithmetic. The report considered that the attainments of the boys was of a very satisfying character, forty five of those examined passing in the upper standards, as compared with thirty, two years earlier. The premises were well kept, and the satisfactory state of the school generally could only have been brought about by hard work on the part of Mr. Jackson, the Governor and his staff. Prizes were distributed to the boys by the chairman of the board of the school, the rewards being given for progress in education, for playing cricket and swimming, for excellence in the various industrial occupations in which the boys were trained, and for good conduct. One boy Thomas Jacques obtained an honourable distinction on the occasion by the frequency of his visits to the platform, six in all. With regard to swimming, the boys were taken in batches of about twenty at a time to be taught that art, at the Corporation Baths, Mayfield. They did not learn ornamental swimming, but that form of it which would be useful in an emergency. As an instance of the proficiency in that respect already acquired by some of the boys, it was stated that one of the prize winners recently carried another little boy on his back whilst swimming the length of the bath. It was also reported that one fourth of the boys could now swim. The industrial pursuits for which prizes were given comprised shoemaking, tailoring, working a sewing machine, stocking knitting, washing, mangling and chopping firewood, the boy named for the last named occupation was also employed in delivering the firewood to customers and receiving the money for it, yet he had never been found to be deficient in his cash. Alderman Patterson, in delivering a brief address, congratulated the prize winners on their success, and encouraged the others to persevere, as the best way to avoid failure in the future. He remembered discharging a similar duty three years previously, and he had wondered since how these boys had turned out. They had not only received a fair education of the ordinary kind, but also some amount of technical instruction which was calculated to be very useful to them. It was sometime that this country was overstocked with educated people, and if that were the case, it was all the more satisfactory that boys had been taught to earn their living in some trade or other. A lawyer had said to him in London that is was a positive shame to train anyone as a barrister as there were so many, and the doctors were crying out that there were too many of their profession. He stated that if he were a young boy he would now try to make his fortune in America, where there was a vast field of labour open to those who were determined to make their way in the world. In conclusion he felt it was gratifying to know that the health of the boys was so good that there had not been any deaths in the school for the previous two and a half years. He stated that this reflected great credit on the managers, to whom he gave his hearty thanks. Dr John Watts said that out of the 200 boys in the school, over one third had lost either one or both parents. That fact accounted to a considerable extent for their neglected condition when committed to the school, and some of those with parents would probably been in a better position without them. That being the class of children that they had to deal with, he stated that it was highly satisfactory that forty five per cent had passed in the upper standard. The work done in the school was of a sound and practical character, nothing was done for display and the care and attention bestowed on the boys manifested itself in the health, comfort and happiness of the boys. As regards to the conduct of the boys after they left the school, out of 142 licensed out the previous three years, only two had gone wrong; the destiny of three others was unknown, but the remainder had been known to be going on satisfactorily. On the whole he thought that out of very poor material very good results had been produced at the school. Mr John Napier stated that whilst watching the boys drill, and hearing them sing, he could scarcely restrain the emotional feeling of thankfulness that overcame him on contrasting their present condition with that from which they had been rescued. He had the pleasure of seeing about 100 at the Grosvenor Street Wesleyan Chapel every Sunday, and he bore testimony to their excellent behaviour there. The Rev J R O West stated that he attributed the success of the school to the fact that it had always been managed on the principal of entire reliance on divine assistance. He also added that the supervision of the managers over the boys was continued for three years after they left the school. [A lot longer than that in many cases.] Mr. Robert Whitworth said that he thought that the satisfactory state of the boys' health was due in great measure to their diet. He believed that no children in any class of life, had been fed on a more suitable diet than those. And yet, the cost of provisions, including those for the officials, did not average �8 per head per year. The proceedings then ended with the National Anthem. (Based on an article from The Manchester City New, Saturday, July 28th 1883)
REFORMATORIES This is a list of Reformatories drawn up to be used by Manchester City Corporation in January 1863 from the Minutes of the Borough Gaol Committee Book II. BOYS Bleasedale, Garstang. Liverpool Ships, Akbar. Farm school, Newton. Bradwell, Sandbach. Castle Howard, Yorkshire. Wandsworth. Brook Green, Hammersmith. Mount St Bernard, Whitwhich, Leicester. (RC) N. Market Weighton, Yorkshire. (RC) Blackley. Calder farm Near Minfield. GIRLS Mount Vernon Green, Liverpool. St Joseph's, Howard Hill, Sheffield. (RC) Toxteth Park, Liverpool. Doncaster. [File] Hill, Near Coventry. Red Lodge House, Bristol.
Added to list in March 1865 Exeter Girls' Reformatory School.
STOCKPORT INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS, OFFERTON, STOCKPORT
Records for the above school are held at Stockport Central Library (ST 55). Although no Admission or Discharge Registers have survived, the annual reports from 1854 to 1928/29 provide an insight into the daily routine of the inmates. They also give details of the dietary arrangements and the character of the newly arrived children. I have transcribed some details from just one year's report - 1901. The full written reports go into much more detail, but sadly no names of the children are recorded. A fine display of photographs of the school can be see by going to the following link: http://interactive.stockport.gov.uk/stockportimagearchive/welcome.aspx Follow the onscreen instructions, then scroll down to Advance Search. In the Keywords Section, click on the Education box, then in the Areas Section, tick the Offerton box. You should many images there.
ANNUAL REPORT YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31st 1901
STATISTICAL REPORT - BOYS' SCHOOL
PRESENT CHARACTER OF BOYS DISCHARGED DURING THE YEARS 1898-99-00
DIETARY TABLE - BOYS' SCHOOL
SUPPER- (Sunday Only) Bread & Syrup Cabbage, Lettuce, Rhubarb etc. in their season.
TIMETABLE (BOYS)
Band Practice Daily Religious Service Tuesday Evenings Hot Bath Thursday & Friday Evenings
SUNDAYS
STATISTICAL REPORT - GIRLS' SCHOOL
DIETARY TABLE - GIRLS' SCHOOL
Supper-Bread, 745 Cabbage, Lettuce etc. in their Season
TIME TABLE - GIRLS
Drill-Friday forenoon
The following advert appeared at the end of the reports:
BOOTS AND SHOES NEATLY REPAIRED AT THE BOYS' INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL, OFFERTON, STOCKPORT
The Committee would be pleased to receive orders for work in the Joiners' Shop; Step Ladders, Cupboards, and all sorts of articles made at reasonable prices. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Also included in the report are extracts from the relevant Acts of Parliament which lay down the reasons for children being detained in Industrial Schools. INDUSTRIALS SCHOOLS ACT, 1866 (29 & 30 VICTORIA, CAP. 118) ALSO AMENDMENT ACT, 1880 (43 & 44 VICTORIA, CAP 15) SECTION 14 Any person may bring before two Justices or a Magistrate any child apparently under the age of Fourteen years that comes within any of the following descriptions: That is found begging or receiving alms (whether actually under the pretext of selling or offering for sale anything) or being in any street or public place for the purpose of begging or receiving such alms. That is found wandering, and not having any home, or settled place of abode, proper guardianship, or visible means of subsistence. That is found destitute, either being an orphan or having a surviving parent who is undergoing penal servitude or imprisonment. That frequents the company of reputed thieves. That is lodging, living, or residing with common or reputed prostitutes, or is in a house resided in or frequented by prostitutes for the purpose of prostitution. That frequents the company of prostitutes.
The Justices or magistrates before whom a child is brought, as coming within one of those descriptions, if satisfied on enquiry of that fact, and that it is expedient to deal with him under this Act, may order him to be sent to a Certified Industrial School.
SECTION 15 Where any child, apparently under the age of twelve years, if charged before two Justices or a Magistrate with an offence punishable by imprisonment, or a less punishment, but has not been in England convicted of a felony, or in Scotland that of theft, and the child aught in the opinion of the Justices or the Magistrate (regard being had to his age and the circumstances of the case), to be dealt with under this Act, the Justices or the Magistrate may order him to be sent to a certified Industrial School. SECTION 16 Where the parent or step-parent or guardian of a child apparently under the age of fourteen years, represents to two Justices or a Magistrate that he is unable to control the child, that he desires that the child be sent to an Industrial School under this Act, the Justices or the Magistrate if satisfied on enquiry that it is expedient to deal with child under this Act, may order him to be sent to a certified Industrial School.
THE PREVENTION OF CRIMES ACT (34 & 35 VICTORIA, CAP. 112) SECTION 14 Where the woman is convicted of a crime, and a previous conviction of a crime is proved against her, any children of such woman, under the age of fourteen years, who may be under her care and control at the time of her conviction of the such crimes, and have no visible means of subsistence, or are without proper guardianship, shall be deemed to be children to whom in Great Britain the provisions of the Industrial Schools Act, 1866 applies, and the court by whom such woman is convicted, or two Justices or a Magistrate, shall have the same power of ordering such child to be sent to a certified Industrial School, as is vested in two Justices or a magistrate, by the 14th Section of the industrial Schools Act, 1866, in respect of the children in the said Section described.
THE ELEMENTARY EDUCATION ACT, 1876 (39 & 40 VICTORIA, CAP. 79) SECTION 11 If either:- The parent of any child above the age of five years who is under this Act prohibited from being taken into full time employment, habitually and without reasonable excuse, neglect to provide efficient elementary instruction for his child; or Any child is found habitually wandering, or not under proper control, or in the company of rogues, vagabonds, disorderly persons, or reputed criminals, it shall be the duty of the local authority, after due warning to the parent of such child, to complain to [a] court of summary jurisdiction, and such court may, if satisfied of the truth of such complaint, order that child to attend some certified efficient school willing to receive him and named in the order, being either such as the parent may select, or if he do[es] not select any then such public elementary school as the court thinks expedient, and the child shall attend that school every time that the school is open or in such other regular manner as is specified in the order. An order under this section in this Act is referred to as an attendance order. Any of the following reasons shall be a reasonable excuse:- That there is not within two miles, measured according to the nearest road from the residence of such child, any public elementary school open which the child can attend; or The absence of the child from school has been caused by sickness, or any unavoidable cause. SECTION 12 Where an attendance order is not complied with, with[out] any reasonable excuse within the meaning of the Act, court of summary jurisdiction on complaint made by the local authority, may, if it think fit, order as follows: In the first case of non-compliance if is the parent of the child does not appear, or appears and fails to satisfy the court that he used all reasonable efforts to enforce compliance with the order, the court may impose a penalty not exceeding with costs five shillings; but if the parent satisfies the court that he has used all reasonable efforts as aforesaid, the court may, without inflicting a penalty, order the child to be sent to a Certified Day Industrial School; or if it appears to the court that there is no such school suitable for the child, then to a certified Industrial school; and In the second or any subsequent case of non-compliance with the order the court may order the child to be sent to a certified Day Industrial School, or if it appears to the court that there is no such school suitable for the child, then to a Certified Industrial School, and may further in its discretion inflict any such penalty as aforesaid without ordering the child to be sent to an Industrial School.
Provided that such a complaint under this Section with respect to a continuing non-compliance with any attendance order shall not be repeated by the local authority at any less intervals than two weeks. CONTACT MFHR AT: mail@manchester-family-history-research.co.uk
Copyright: Gerard Lodge (www.manchester-family-history-research.co.uk) 2007-2017 All Rights Reserved Do Not Reproduce Any Material Without The Prior Permission Of The Author. Last update: 16th January 2017 |